This commit refactors the codebase to consistently use Python 3.6
f-strings for string concatenation and interpolation.

BREAKING CHANGE: This update increases the minimum required Python
version from 3.5 to 3.6. Python 3.5 reached end-of-life in September
2020 (~4 years ago) and has been dropped from most distributions, so the
impact on users should be minimal.

This commit updates some outdated syntax with the modern alternatives.
The changes were applied automatically using pyupgrade (v2.0.1) with the
following command:

```
pyupgrade --py3-plus **/*.py
```

These updates are purely syntactical and there should be no change in
functionality.

- Remove :ref:s from the headers, since they made the latex build crash
- Add logo

Remaining issue:

- Can't get headings levels right on both the html and the latex builds
  at the same time. More info in #40